diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml b/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
index 05ed82ba..1e8fbd45 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-versions.yml
@@ -83,6 +83,15 @@ jobs:
           - distribution: oracle
             os: ubuntu-latest
             version: 21
+          - distribution: oracle-openjdk
+            os: macos-15-intel
+            version: 21
+          - distribution: oracle-openjdk
+            os: windows-latest
+            version: 21
+          - distribution: oracle-openjdk
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            version: 21
           - distribution: graalvm
             os: macos-latest
             version: 17.0.12
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
index 457a2b24..baa156d2 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/base-installer.test.ts
@@ -605,6 +605,31 @@ describe('setupJava', () => {
     expect(spyCoreSetOutput).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('should not repeat version resolution when downloadTool fails', async () => {
+    mockJavaBase = new EmptyJavaBase({
+      version: '11',
+      architecture: 'x86',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false,
+      forceDownload: true
+    });
+    const findPackageForDownload = jest.fn(async () => ({
+      version: '11.0.9',
+      url: 'https://example.com/jdk.tar.gz'
+    }));
+    const downloadError = new Error('download failed');
+    const downloadTool = jest.fn(async () => {
+      throw downloadError;
+    });
+    mockJavaBase['findPackageForDownload'] = findPackageForDownload;
+    mockJavaBase['downloadTool'] = downloadTool;
+
+    await expect(mockJavaBase.setupJava()).rejects.toBe(downloadError);
+
+    expect(findPackageForDownload).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(downloadTool).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
   it.each([
     [
       {
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/distribution-factory.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/distribution-factory.test.ts
index 4da7b23c..915e7a78 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/distribution-factory.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/distribution-factory.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,38 @@
 import {getJavaDistribution} from '../../src/distributions/distribution-factory.js';
+import {RetryingHttpClient} from '../../src/retrying-http-client.js';
 
 describe('getJavaDistribution', () => {
+  it.each([
+    'adopt',
+    'adopt-hotspot',
+    'adopt-openj9',
+    'temurin',
+    'zulu',
+    'liberica',
+    'liberica-nik',
+    'microsoft',
+    'semeru',
+    'corretto',
+    'oracle',
+    'dragonwell',
+    'sapmachine',
+    'graalvm',
+    'graalvm-community',
+    'jetbrains',
+    'kona',
+    'oracle-openjdk'
+  ])('uses the shared retrying HTTP client for %s', distributionName => {
+    const distribution = getJavaDistribution(distributionName, {
+      version: '21',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false
+    });
+
+    expect(distribution).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(distribution!['http']).toBeInstanceOf(RetryingHttpClient);
+  });
+
   it("rejects java-package 'jdk+jmods' for non-Temurin distributions", () => {
     expect(() =>
       getJavaDistribution('zulu', {
diff --git a/__tests__/distributors/jetbrains-installer.test.ts b/__tests__/distributors/jetbrains-installer.test.ts
index cd583e39..8d5e1a12 100644
--- a/__tests__/distributors/jetbrains-installer.test.ts
+++ b/__tests__/distributors/jetbrains-installer.test.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import {
   afterAll
 } from '@jest/globals';
 import https from 'https';
-import {HttpClient} from '@actions/http-client';
+import {HttpClient, HttpClientResponse} from '@actions/http-client';
+import type {IncomingMessage} from 'http';
+import {Readable} from 'stream';
 
 import manifestData from '../data/jetbrains.json' with {type: 'json'};
 import os from 'os';
@@ -44,6 +46,18 @@ jest.unstable_mockModule('@actions/core', () => ({
 const core = await import('@actions/core');
 const {JetBrainsDistribution} =
   await import('../../src/distributions/jetbrains/installer.js');
+const {RetryingHttpClient} = await import('../../src/retrying-http-client.js');
+
+function response(
+  statusCode: number,
+  body = '',
+  headers: IncomingMessage['headers'] = {}
+): HttpClientResponse {
+  const message = Readable.from([Buffer.from(body)]) as IncomingMessage;
+  message.statusCode = statusCode;
+  message.headers = headers;
+  return new HttpClientResponse(message);
+}
 
 describe('getAvailableVersions', () => {
   let spyHttpClient: any;
@@ -95,6 +109,42 @@ describe('getAvailableVersions', () => {
       os.platform() === 'win32' ? manifestData.length : manifestData.length + 2;
     expect(availableVersions.length).toBe(length);
   }, 10_000);
+
+  it('retries a GitHub rate limit using Retry-After', async () => {
+    spyHttpClient.mockRestore();
+    const sleep = jest.fn(async () => undefined);
+    const requestRaw = jest
+      .spyOn(HttpClient.prototype, 'requestRaw')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(429, '', {'retry-after': '2'}))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200, '[]'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const distribution = new JetBrainsDistribution({
+      version: '17',
+      architecture: 'x64',
+      packageType: 'jdk',
+      checkLatest: false
+    });
+    distribution['http'] = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0
+    });
+
+    const availableVersions = await distribution['getAvailableVersions']();
+
+    expect(availableVersions).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(requestRaw).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4);
+    expect(requestRaw.mock.calls[0][0].options.path).toBe(
+      requestRaw.mock.calls[1][0].options.path
+    );
+    expect(requestRaw.mock.calls[0][0].options.path).toContain(
+      '/repos/JetBrains/JetBrainsRuntime/releases'
+    );
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledWith(2000);
+    expect(core.info).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Request attempt 1 of 4 failed (HTTP 429); retrying in 2000 ms'
+    );
+  });
 });
 
 describe('findPackageForDownload', () => {
diff --git a/__tests__/retrying-http-client.test.ts b/__tests__/retrying-http-client.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9fb63db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/__tests__/retrying-http-client.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import {jest, describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach} from '@jest/globals';
+import type {IncomingMessage} from 'http';
+
+jest.unstable_mockModule('@actions/core', () => ({
+  info: jest.fn()
+}));
+
+const core = await import('@actions/core');
+const httpm = await import('@actions/http-client');
+const {RetryingHttpClient, isRetryableNetworkError, parseRetryAfter} =
+  await import('../src/retrying-http-client.js');
+
+function response(
+  statusCode: number,
+  retryAfter?: string
+): httpm.HttpClientResponse {
+  return {
+    message: {
+      statusCode,
+      headers: retryAfter ? {'retry-after': retryAfter} : {}
+    } as IncomingMessage,
+    readBody: jest.fn(async () => '')
+  } as unknown as httpm.HttpClientResponse;
+}
+
+describe('RetryingHttpClient', () => {
+  let request: ReturnType<typeof jest.spyOn>;
+  let sleep: jest.Mock<(delayMs: number) => Promise<void>>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    request = jest.spyOn(httpm.HttpClient.prototype, 'request');
+    sleep = jest.fn(async () => undefined);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('uses exponential backoff with jitter for retryable responses', async () => {
+    request
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(503))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(502))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0,
+      baseDelayMs: 1000,
+      maxDelayMs: 10000
+    });
+
+    await expect(client.get('https://example.com')).resolves.toBeDefined();
+
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, 500);
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, 1000);
+    expect(core.info).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      1,
+      'Request attempt 1 of 4 failed (HTTP 503); retrying in 500 ms'
+    );
+    expect(core.info).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
+      2,
+      'Request attempt 2 of 4 failed (HTTP 502); retrying in 1000 ms'
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('honors Retry-After delta-seconds over the client delay', async () => {
+    request
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(429, '3'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0
+    });
+
+    await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3000);
+  });
+
+  it('honors Retry-After HTTP dates over the client delay', async () => {
+    const now = Date.parse('2026-07-29T00:00:00Z');
+    request
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(503, new Date(now + 5000).toUTCString()))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0,
+      now: () => now
+    });
+
+    await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledWith(5000);
+  });
+
+  it('caps Retry-After at the configured maximum delay', async () => {
+    request
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(429, '60'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0,
+      maxDelayMs: 10000
+    });
+
+    await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledWith(10000);
+  });
+
+  it.each([429, 502, 503, 504, 522])(
+    'retries HTTP %s responses',
+    async statusCode => {
+      request
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(statusCode))
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+      const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+        sleep,
+        random: () => 0
+      });
+
+      await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+      expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    }
+  );
+
+  it.each(['ETIMEDOUT', 'ECONNRESET', 'ENOTFOUND', 'ECONNREFUSED'])(
+    'retries network errors with code %s',
+    async code => {
+      request
+        .mockRejectedValueOnce(Object.assign(new Error(code), {code}))
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+      const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+        sleep,
+        random: () => 0
+      });
+
+      await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+      expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    }
+  );
+
+  it('retries retryable aggregate network errors', async () => {
+    const aggregateError = Object.assign(new Error('connection failed'), {
+      errors: [Object.assign(new Error('timed out'), {code: 'ETIMEDOUT'})]
+    });
+    request
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(aggregateError)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(200));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0
+    });
+
+    await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledWith(500);
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry non-retryable responses or network errors', async () => {
+    request.mockResolvedValueOnce(response(500));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {sleep});
+
+    await expect(client.get('https://example.com')).resolves.toBeDefined();
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    request.mockRejectedValueOnce(
+      Object.assign(new Error('certificate failed'), {code: 'CERT_HAS_EXPIRED'})
+    );
+    await expect(client.get('https://example.com')).rejects.toThrow(
+      'certificate failed'
+    );
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('stops after the configured total attempt count', async () => {
+    request
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(503))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(response(503));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      maxAttempts: 2,
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0
+    });
+
+    const finalResponse = await client.get('https://example.com');
+
+    expect(finalResponse.message.statusCode).toBe(503);
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('propagates the final network error after exhausting attempts', async () => {
+    const finalError = Object.assign(new Error('still unavailable'), {
+      code: 'ECONNREFUSED'
+    });
+    request
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(
+        Object.assign(new Error('unavailable'), {code: 'ECONNREFUSED'})
+      )
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(finalError);
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {
+      maxAttempts: 2,
+      sleep,
+      random: () => 0
+    });
+
+    await expect(client.get('https://example.com')).rejects.toBe(finalError);
+
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(sleep).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('does not retry write requests', async () => {
+    request.mockResolvedValueOnce(response(503));
+    const client = new RetryingHttpClient('test', {sleep});
+
+    await client.post('https://example.com', '{}');
+
+    expect(request).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(sleep).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('retry classification', () => {
+  it('parses valid Retry-After values and ignores invalid or past values', () => {
+    const now = Date.parse('2026-07-29T00:00:00Z');
+
+    expect(parseRetryAfter('7', now)).toBe(7000);
+    expect(parseRetryAfter(new Date(now + 3000).toUTCString(), now)).toBe(3000);
+    expect(parseRetryAfter(new Date(now - 3000).toUTCString(), now)).toBe(
+      undefined
+    );
+    expect(parseRetryAfter('not-a-date', now)).toBe(undefined);
+  });
+
+  it('recognizes direct and nested retryable network error codes', () => {
+    expect(isRetryableNetworkError({code: 'ECONNRESET'})).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      isRetryableNetworkError({errors: [{code: 'ENOTFOUND'}, {code: 'OTHER'}]})
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(isRetryableNetworkError({code: 'CERT_HAS_EXPIRED'})).toBe(false);
+    expect(isRetryableNetworkError(new Error('unknown'))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/dist/setup/index.js b/dist/setup/index.js
index a5903a09..0dcc3972 100644
--- a/dist/setup/index.js
+++ b/dist/setup/index.js
@@ -129300,6 +129300,112 @@ function isProbablyGradleDaemonProblem(packageManager, error) {
     return message.startsWith('Tar failed with error: ');
 }
 
+;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/retrying-http-client.ts
+
+
+const RETRYABLE_HTTP_STATUS_CODES = new Set([429, 502, 503, 504, 522]);
+const RETRYABLE_NETWORK_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
+    'ETIMEDOUT',
+    'ECONNRESET',
+    'ENOTFOUND',
+    'ECONNREFUSED'
+]);
+const RETRYABLE_HTTP_VERBS = new Set(['OPTIONS', 'GET', 'DELETE', 'HEAD']);
+class RetryingHttpClient extends lib_HttpClient {
+    maxAttempts;
+    baseDelayMs;
+    maxDelayMs;
+    sleep;
+    random;
+    now;
+    constructor(userAgent, retryOptions = {}) {
+        super(userAgent, undefined, { allowRetries: false });
+        this.maxAttempts = retryOptions.maxAttempts ?? 4;
+        this.baseDelayMs = retryOptions.baseDelayMs ?? 1000;
+        this.maxDelayMs = retryOptions.maxDelayMs ?? 10000;
+        this.sleep =
+            retryOptions.sleep ??
+                (delayMs => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delayMs)));
+        this.random = retryOptions.random ?? Math.random;
+        this.now = retryOptions.now ?? Date.now;
+        if (this.maxAttempts < 1) {
+            throw new Error('maxAttempts must be at least 1');
+        }
+        if (this.baseDelayMs < 0 || this.maxDelayMs < this.baseDelayMs) {
+            throw new Error('baseDelayMs must be non-negative and no greater than maxDelayMs');
+        }
+    }
+    async request(verb, requestUrl, data, headers) {
+        if (!RETRYABLE_HTTP_VERBS.has(verb)) {
+            return super.request(verb, requestUrl, data, headers);
+        }
+        for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= this.maxAttempts; attempt++) {
+            try {
+                const response = await super.request(verb, requestUrl, data, headers);
+                const statusCode = response.message.statusCode;
+                if (!statusCode ||
+                    !RETRYABLE_HTTP_STATUS_CODES.has(statusCode) ||
+                    attempt === this.maxAttempts) {
+                    return response;
+                }
+                const delayMs = this.getDelayMs(attempt, response.message.headers['retry-after']);
+                await response.readBody();
+                this.logRetry(attempt, delayMs, `HTTP ${statusCode}`);
+                await this.sleep(delayMs);
+            }
+            catch (error) {
+                if (!isRetryableNetworkError(error) || attempt === this.maxAttempts) {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+                const delayMs = this.getDelayMs(attempt);
+                this.logRetry(attempt, delayMs, retrying_http_client_getErrorMessage(error));
+                await this.sleep(delayMs);
+            }
+        }
+        throw new Error('HTTP retry attempts exhausted unexpectedly');
+    }
+    getDelayMs(failedAttempt, retryAfter) {
+        const exponentialDelay = Math.min(this.maxDelayMs, this.baseDelayMs * 2 ** (failedAttempt - 1));
+        const jitteredDelay = Math.floor(exponentialDelay / 2 + this.random() * (exponentialDelay / 2));
+        const retryAfterDelay = retrying_http_client_parseRetryAfter(retryAfter, this.now());
+        return Math.min(this.maxDelayMs, Math.max(jitteredDelay, retryAfterDelay ?? 0));
+    }
+    logRetry(failedAttempt, delayMs, reason) {
+        info(`Request attempt ${failedAttempt} of ${this.maxAttempts} failed (${reason}); retrying in ${delayMs} ms`);
+    }
+}
+function retrying_http_client_parseRetryAfter(value, nowMs) {
+    const retryAfter = Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+    if (!retryAfter) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    if (/^\d+$/.test(retryAfter.trim())) {
+        return Number(retryAfter) * 1000;
+    }
+    const retryAt = Date.parse(retryAfter);
+    if (Number.isNaN(retryAt) || retryAt <= nowMs) {
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    return retryAt - nowMs;
+}
+function isRetryableNetworkError(error) {
+    if (!isErrorRecord(error)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (typeof error.code === 'string' &&
+        RETRYABLE_NETWORK_ERROR_CODES.has(error.code)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return (Array.isArray(error.errors) &&
+        error.errors.some(nestedError => isRetryableNetworkError(nestedError)));
+}
+function isErrorRecord(error) {
+    return typeof error === 'object' && error !== null;
+}
+function retrying_http_client_getErrorMessage(error) {
+    return error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'network error';
+}
+
 ;// CONCATENATED MODULE: ./src/distributions/base-installer.ts
 
 
@@ -129310,6 +129416,7 @@ function isProbablyGradleDaemonProblem(packageManager, error) {
 
 
 
+
 class JavaBase {
     distribution;
     http;
@@ -129325,10 +129432,7 @@ class JavaBase {
     verifySignaturePublicKey;
     constructor(distribution, installerOptions) {
         this.distribution = distribution;
-        this.http = new lib_HttpClient('actions/setup-java', undefined, {
-            allowRetries: true,
-            maxRetries: 3
-        });
+        this.http = new RetryingHttpClient('actions/setup-java');
         ({
             version: this.version,
             stable: this.stable,
@@ -129355,107 +129459,22 @@ class JavaBase {
         }
         else {
             info('Trying to resolve the latest version from remote');
-            const MAX_RETRIES = 4;
-            const RETRY_DELAY_MS = 2000;
-            const retryableCodes = [
-                'ETIMEDOUT',
-                'ECONNRESET',
-                'ENOTFOUND',
-                'ECONNREFUSED'
-            ];
-            let retries = MAX_RETRIES;
-            while (retries > 0) {
-                try {
-                    // Clear console timers before each attempt to prevent conflicts
-                    if (retries < MAX_RETRIES && isDebug()) {
-                        const consoleAny = console;
-                        consoleAny._times?.clear?.();
-                    }
-                    const javaRelease = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
-                    info(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
-                    if (!this.forceDownload &&
-                        foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version) {
-                        info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        info('Trying to download...');
-                        foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
-                        info(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
-                    }
-                    break;
+            try {
+                const javaRelease = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+                info(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
+                if (!this.forceDownload && foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version) {
+                    info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
                 }
-                catch (error) {
-                    retries--;
-                    // Check if error is retryable (including aggregate errors)
-                    const isRetryable = (error instanceof HTTPError &&
-                        error.httpStatusCode &&
-                        [429, 502, 503, 504, 522].includes(error.httpStatusCode)) ||
-                        retryableCodes.includes(error?.code) ||
-                        (error?.errors &&
-                            Array.isArray(error.errors) &&
-                            error.errors.some((err) => retryableCodes.includes(err?.code)));
-                    if (retries > 0 && isRetryable) {
-                        core_debug(`Attempt failed due to network or timeout issues, initiating retry... (${retries} attempts left)`);
-                        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, RETRY_DELAY_MS));
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if (error instanceof HTTPError) {
-                        if (error.httpStatusCode === 403) {
-                            core_error('HTTP 403: Permission denied or access restricted.');
-                        }
-                        else if (error.httpStatusCode === 429) {
-                            warning('HTTP 429: Rate limit exceeded. Please retry later.');
-                        }
-                        else {
-                            core_error(`HTTP ${error.httpStatusCode}: ${error.message}`);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else if (error && error.errors && Array.isArray(error.errors)) {
-                        core_error(`Java setup failed due to network or configuration error(s)`);
-                        if (error instanceof Error && error.stack) {
-                            core_debug(error.stack);
-                        }
-                        for (const err of error.errors) {
-                            const endpoint = err?.address || err?.hostname || '';
-                            const port = err?.port ? `:${err.port}` : '';
-                            const message = err?.message || 'Aggregate error';
-                            const endpointInfo = !message.includes(endpoint)
-                                ? ` ${endpoint}${port}`
-                                : '';
-                            const localInfo = err.localAddress && err.localPort
-                                ? ` - Local (${err.localAddress}:${err.localPort})`
-                                : '';
-                            const logMessage = `${message}${endpointInfo}${localInfo}`;
-                            core_error(logMessage);
-                            core_debug(`${err.stack || err.message}`);
-                            Object.entries(err).forEach(([key, value]) => {
-                                core_debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : JSON.stringify(error);
-                        core_error(`Java setup process failed due to: ${message}`);
-                        if (typeof error?.code === 'string') {
-                            core_debug(error.stack);
-                        }
-                        const errorDetails = {
-                            name: error.name,
-                            message: error.message,
-                            ...Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
-                                .filter(prop => !['name', 'message', 'stack'].includes(prop))
-                                .reduce((acc, prop) => {
-                                acc[prop] = error[prop];
-                                return acc;
-                            }, {})
-                        };
-                        Object.entries(errorDetails).forEach(([key, value]) => {
-                            core_debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
-                        });
-                    }
-                    throw error;
+                else {
+                    info('Trying to download...');
+                    foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
+                    info(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
                 }
             }
+            catch (error) {
+                this.logSetupError(error);
+                throw error;
+            }
         }
         if (!foundJava) {
             throw new Error('Failed to resolve Java version');
@@ -129475,6 +129494,67 @@ class JavaBase {
         }
         return foundJava;
     }
+    logSetupError(error) {
+        const httpStatusCode = error instanceof HTTPError
+            ? error.httpStatusCode
+            : error instanceof lib_HttpClientError
+                ? error.statusCode
+                : undefined;
+        if (httpStatusCode) {
+            if (httpStatusCode === 403) {
+                core_error('HTTP 403: Permission denied or access restricted.');
+            }
+            else if (httpStatusCode === 429) {
+                warning('HTTP 429: Rate limit exceeded. Please retry later.');
+            }
+            else {
+                core_error(`HTTP ${httpStatusCode}: ${error.message}`);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (error && error.errors && Array.isArray(error.errors)) {
+            core_error(`Java setup failed due to network or configuration error(s)`);
+            if (error instanceof Error && error.stack) {
+                core_debug(error.stack);
+            }
+            for (const err of error.errors) {
+                const endpoint = err?.address || err?.hostname || '';
+                const port = err?.port ? `:${err.port}` : '';
+                const message = err?.message || 'Aggregate error';
+                const endpointInfo = !message.includes(endpoint)
+                    ? ` ${endpoint}${port}`
+                    : '';
+                const localInfo = err.localAddress && err.localPort
+                    ? ` - Local (${err.localAddress}:${err.localPort})`
+                    : '';
+                const logMessage = `${message}${endpointInfo}${localInfo}`;
+                core_error(logMessage);
+                core_debug(`${err.stack || err.message}`);
+                Object.entries(err).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+                    core_debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : JSON.stringify(error);
+            core_error(`Java setup process failed due to: ${message}`);
+            if (typeof error?.code === 'string') {
+                core_debug(error.stack);
+            }
+            const errorDetails = {
+                name: error.name,
+                message: error.message,
+                ...Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
+                    .filter(prop => !['name', 'message', 'stack'].includes(prop))
+                    .reduce((acc, prop) => {
+                    acc[prop] = error[prop];
+                    return acc;
+                }, {})
+            };
+            Object.entries(errorDetails).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+                core_debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
+            });
+        }
+    }
     get toolcacheFolderName() {
         return `Java_${this.distribution}_${this.packageType}`;
     }
diff --git a/src/distributions/base-installer.ts b/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
index c00d21d2..f9cb55c4 100644
--- a/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
+++ b/src/distributions/base-installer.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   JavaInstallerResults
 } from './base-models.js';
 import {MACOS_JAVA_CONTENT_POSTFIX} from '../constants.js';
+import {RetryingHttpClient} from '../retrying-http-client.js';
 import os from 'os';
 
 export abstract class JavaBase {
@@ -34,10 +35,7 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     protected distribution: string,
     installerOptions: JavaInstallerOptions
   ) {
-    this.http = new httpm.HttpClient('actions/setup-java', undefined, {
-      allowRetries: true,
-      maxRetries: 3
-    });
+    this.http = new RetryingHttpClient('actions/setup-java');
 
     ({
       version: this.version,
@@ -75,113 +73,19 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
       core.info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
     } else {
       core.info('Trying to resolve the latest version from remote');
-      const MAX_RETRIES = 4;
-      const RETRY_DELAY_MS = 2000;
-      const retryableCodes = [
-        'ETIMEDOUT',
-        'ECONNRESET',
-        'ENOTFOUND',
-        'ECONNREFUSED'
-      ];
-      let retries = MAX_RETRIES;
-      while (retries > 0) {
-        try {
-          // Clear console timers before each attempt to prevent conflicts
-          if (retries < MAX_RETRIES && core.isDebug()) {
-            const consoleAny = console as any;
-            consoleAny._times?.clear?.();
-          }
-          const javaRelease = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
-          core.info(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
-          if (
-            !this.forceDownload &&
-            foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version
-          ) {
-            core.info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
-          } else {
-            core.info('Trying to download...');
-            foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
-            core.info(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
-          }
-          break;
-        } catch (error: any) {
-          retries--;
-          // Check if error is retryable (including aggregate errors)
-          const isRetryable =
-            (error instanceof tc.HTTPError &&
-              error.httpStatusCode &&
-              [429, 502, 503, 504, 522].includes(error.httpStatusCode)) ||
-            retryableCodes.includes(error?.code) ||
-            (error?.errors &&
-              Array.isArray(error.errors) &&
-              error.errors.some((err: any) =>
-                retryableCodes.includes(err?.code)
-              ));
-          if (retries > 0 && isRetryable) {
-            core.debug(
-              `Attempt failed due to network or timeout issues, initiating retry... (${retries} attempts left)`
-            );
-            await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, RETRY_DELAY_MS));
-            continue;
-          }
-          if (error instanceof tc.HTTPError) {
-            if (error.httpStatusCode === 403) {
-              core.error('HTTP 403: Permission denied or access restricted.');
-            } else if (error.httpStatusCode === 429) {
-              core.warning(
-                'HTTP 429: Rate limit exceeded. Please retry later.'
-              );
-            } else {
-              core.error(`HTTP ${error.httpStatusCode}: ${error.message}`);
-            }
-          } else if (error && error.errors && Array.isArray(error.errors)) {
-            core.error(
-              `Java setup failed due to network or configuration error(s)`
-            );
-            if (error instanceof Error && error.stack) {
-              core.debug(error.stack);
-            }
-            for (const err of error.errors) {
-              const endpoint = err?.address || err?.hostname || '';
-              const port = err?.port ? `:${err.port}` : '';
-              const message = err?.message || 'Aggregate error';
-              const endpointInfo = !message.includes(endpoint)
-                ? ` ${endpoint}${port}`
-                : '';
-              const localInfo =
-                err.localAddress && err.localPort
-                  ? ` - Local (${err.localAddress}:${err.localPort})`
-                  : '';
-              const logMessage = `${message}${endpointInfo}${localInfo}`;
-              core.error(logMessage);
-              core.debug(`${err.stack || err.message}`);
-              Object.entries(err).forEach(([key, value]) => {
-                core.debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
-              });
-            }
-          } else {
-            const message =
-              error instanceof Error ? error.message : JSON.stringify(error);
-            core.error(`Java setup process failed due to: ${message}`);
-            if (typeof error?.code === 'string') {
-              core.debug(error.stack);
-            }
-            const errorDetails = {
-              name: error.name,
-              message: error.message,
-              ...Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
-                .filter(prop => !['name', 'message', 'stack'].includes(prop))
-                .reduce<{[key: string]: any}>((acc, prop) => {
-                  acc[prop] = error[prop];
-                  return acc;
-                }, {})
-            };
-            Object.entries(errorDetails).forEach(([key, value]) => {
-              core.debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
-            });
-          }
-          throw error;
+      try {
+        const javaRelease = await this.findPackageForDownload(this.version);
+        core.info(`Resolved latest version as ${javaRelease.version}`);
+        if (!this.forceDownload && foundJava?.version === javaRelease.version) {
+          core.info(`Resolved Java ${foundJava.version} from tool-cache`);
+        } else {
+          core.info('Trying to download...');
+          foundJava = await this.downloadTool(javaRelease);
+          core.info(`Java ${foundJava.version} was downloaded`);
         }
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        this.logSetupError(error);
+        throw error;
       }
     }
     if (!foundJava) {
@@ -209,6 +113,68 @@ export abstract class JavaBase {
     return foundJava;
   }
 
+  private logSetupError(error: any): void {
+    const httpStatusCode =
+      error instanceof tc.HTTPError
+        ? error.httpStatusCode
+        : error instanceof httpm.HttpClientError
+          ? error.statusCode
+          : undefined;
+
+    if (httpStatusCode) {
+      if (httpStatusCode === 403) {
+        core.error('HTTP 403: Permission denied or access restricted.');
+      } else if (httpStatusCode === 429) {
+        core.warning('HTTP 429: Rate limit exceeded. Please retry later.');
+      } else {
+        core.error(`HTTP ${httpStatusCode}: ${error.message}`);
+      }
+    } else if (error && error.errors && Array.isArray(error.errors)) {
+      core.error(`Java setup failed due to network or configuration error(s)`);
+      if (error instanceof Error && error.stack) {
+        core.debug(error.stack);
+      }
+      for (const err of error.errors) {
+        const endpoint = err?.address || err?.hostname || '';
+        const port = err?.port ? `:${err.port}` : '';
+        const message = err?.message || 'Aggregate error';
+        const endpointInfo = !message.includes(endpoint)
+          ? ` ${endpoint}${port}`
+          : '';
+        const localInfo =
+          err.localAddress && err.localPort
+            ? ` - Local (${err.localAddress}:${err.localPort})`
+            : '';
+        const logMessage = `${message}${endpointInfo}${localInfo}`;
+        core.error(logMessage);
+        core.debug(`${err.stack || err.message}`);
+        Object.entries(err).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          core.debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      const message =
+        error instanceof Error ? error.message : JSON.stringify(error);
+      core.error(`Java setup process failed due to: ${message}`);
+      if (typeof error?.code === 'string') {
+        core.debug(error.stack);
+      }
+      const errorDetails = {
+        name: error.name,
+        message: error.message,
+        ...Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error)
+          .filter(prop => !['name', 'message', 'stack'].includes(prop))
+          .reduce<{[key: string]: any}>((acc, prop) => {
+            acc[prop] = error[prop];
+            return acc;
+          }, {})
+      };
+      Object.entries(errorDetails).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        core.debug(`"${key}": ${JSON.stringify(value)}`);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
   protected get toolcacheFolderName(): string {
     return `Java_${this.distribution}_${this.packageType}`;
   }
diff --git a/src/retrying-http-client.ts b/src/retrying-http-client.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9dae245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/retrying-http-client.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import * as core from '@actions/core';
+import * as httpm from '@actions/http-client';
+import type {OutgoingHttpHeaders} from 'http';
+
+const RETRYABLE_HTTP_STATUS_CODES = new Set([429, 502, 503, 504, 522]);
+const RETRYABLE_NETWORK_ERROR_CODES = new Set([
+  'ETIMEDOUT',
+  'ECONNRESET',
+  'ENOTFOUND',
+  'ECONNREFUSED'
+]);
+const RETRYABLE_HTTP_VERBS = new Set(['OPTIONS', 'GET', 'DELETE', 'HEAD']);
+
+export interface HttpRetryOptions {
+  maxAttempts?: number;
+  baseDelayMs?: number;
+  maxDelayMs?: number;
+  sleep?: (delayMs: number) => Promise<void>;
+  random?: () => number;
+  now?: () => number;
+}
+
+export class RetryingHttpClient extends httpm.HttpClient {
+  private readonly maxAttempts: number;
+  private readonly baseDelayMs: number;
+  private readonly maxDelayMs: number;
+  private readonly sleep: (delayMs: number) => Promise<void>;
+  private readonly random: () => number;
+  private readonly now: () => number;
+
+  constructor(userAgent?: string, retryOptions: HttpRetryOptions = {}) {
+    super(userAgent, undefined, {allowRetries: false});
+    this.maxAttempts = retryOptions.maxAttempts ?? 4;
+    this.baseDelayMs = retryOptions.baseDelayMs ?? 1000;
+    this.maxDelayMs = retryOptions.maxDelayMs ?? 10000;
+    this.sleep =
+      retryOptions.sleep ??
+      (delayMs => new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delayMs)));
+    this.random = retryOptions.random ?? Math.random;
+    this.now = retryOptions.now ?? Date.now;
+
+    if (this.maxAttempts < 1) {
+      throw new Error('maxAttempts must be at least 1');
+    }
+    if (this.baseDelayMs < 0 || this.maxDelayMs < this.baseDelayMs) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'baseDelayMs must be non-negative and no greater than maxDelayMs'
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  public override async request(
+    verb: string,
+    requestUrl: string,
+    data: string | NodeJS.ReadableStream | null,
+    headers?: OutgoingHttpHeaders
+  ): Promise<httpm.HttpClientResponse> {
+    if (!RETRYABLE_HTTP_VERBS.has(verb)) {
+      return super.request(verb, requestUrl, data, headers);
+    }
+
+    for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= this.maxAttempts; attempt++) {
+      try {
+        const response = await super.request(verb, requestUrl, data, headers);
+        const statusCode = response.message.statusCode;
+        if (
+          !statusCode ||
+          !RETRYABLE_HTTP_STATUS_CODES.has(statusCode) ||
+          attempt === this.maxAttempts
+        ) {
+          return response;
+        }
+
+        const delayMs = this.getDelayMs(
+          attempt,
+          response.message.headers['retry-after']
+        );
+        await response.readBody();
+        this.logRetry(attempt, delayMs, `HTTP ${statusCode}`);
+        await this.sleep(delayMs);
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (!isRetryableNetworkError(error) || attempt === this.maxAttempts) {
+          throw error;
+        }
+
+        const delayMs = this.getDelayMs(attempt);
+        this.logRetry(attempt, delayMs, getErrorMessage(error));
+        await this.sleep(delayMs);
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('HTTP retry attempts exhausted unexpectedly');
+  }
+
+  private getDelayMs(
+    failedAttempt: number,
+    retryAfter?: string | string[]
+  ): number {
+    const exponentialDelay = Math.min(
+      this.maxDelayMs,
+      this.baseDelayMs * 2 ** (failedAttempt - 1)
+    );
+    const jitteredDelay = Math.floor(
+      exponentialDelay / 2 + this.random() * (exponentialDelay / 2)
+    );
+    const retryAfterDelay = parseRetryAfter(retryAfter, this.now());
+    return Math.min(
+      this.maxDelayMs,
+      Math.max(jitteredDelay, retryAfterDelay ?? 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  private logRetry(
+    failedAttempt: number,
+    delayMs: number,
+    reason: string
+  ): void {
+    core.info(
+      `Request attempt ${failedAttempt} of ${this.maxAttempts} failed (${reason}); retrying in ${delayMs} ms`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export function parseRetryAfter(
+  value: string | string[] | undefined,
+  nowMs: number
+): number | undefined {
+  const retryAfter = Array.isArray(value) ? value[0] : value;
+  if (!retryAfter) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(retryAfter.trim())) {
+    return Number(retryAfter) * 1000;
+  }
+
+  const retryAt = Date.parse(retryAfter);
+  if (Number.isNaN(retryAt) || retryAt <= nowMs) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return retryAt - nowMs;
+}
+
+export function isRetryableNetworkError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  if (!isErrorRecord(error)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (
+    typeof error.code === 'string' &&
+    RETRYABLE_NETWORK_ERROR_CODES.has(error.code)
+  ) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return (
+    Array.isArray(error.errors) &&
+    error.errors.some(nestedError => isRetryableNetworkError(nestedError))
+  );
+}
+
+function isErrorRecord(error: unknown): error is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof error === 'object' && error !== null;
+}
+
+function getErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  return error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'network error';
+}